Bibliometric analysis of UAV swarms

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2022.000042

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 406-425.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2022.000042

• CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATION • Previous Articles Next Articles

Bibliometric analysis of UAV swarms

Yangyang JIANG¹(), Yan GAO²(), Wenqi SONG²(), Yue LI²(), Quan QUAN^2,*()

¹ Beihang University Library, Beijing 100191, China
² School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2021-08-24 Online:2022-05-06 Published:2022-05-06
Contact: Quan QUAN E-mail:yangyang@buaa.edu.cn;buaa_gaoyan@buaa.edu.cn;jnswqno1@163.com;liyue9556@buaa.edu.cn;qq_buaa@buaa.edu.cn
About author:|JIANG Yangyang was born in 1989. She received her B.E. degree from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 2011, and M.S. degree from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2014. She is currently a librarian at Beihang University Library. Her research interests include swarm intelligence and information science & library science. E-mail: yangyang@buaa.edu.cn||GAO Yan was born in 1994. He received his B.S. degree in control science and engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 2017. He is working toward his Ph.D. degree at the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. His main research interests include UAVs swarm and quadcopter control. E-mail: buaa_gaoyan@buaa.edu.cn||SONG Wenqi was born in 1999. She received her B.S. degree in control science and engineering from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2021. She is working toward her M.S. degree at the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. Her main research interests include planning and control of UAV swarms and air traffic flow. E-mail: jnswqno1@163.com||LI Yue was born in 2000. She received her B.S. degree in control science and engineering from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2021. She is working toward her M.S. degree at the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. Her main research interests include reliable flight control and swarm. E-mail: liyue9556@buaa.edu.cn||QUAN Quan was born in 1981. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in control science and engineering from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2004, and 2010, respectively. Since 2013, he has been an associate professor with Beihang University in control science and engineering, where he is currently with the School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering. His research interests include reliable flight control, swarm intelligence, vision-based navigation and health evaluation. E-mail: qq_buaa@buaa.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Projects on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms have been initiated in a big way in the last few years, especially from 2015 to 2016. As a result, the number of related works on UAV swarms has been on the rise, with the rate of growth dramatically accelerating since 2017. This research conducts a bibliometric analysis of robotics swarms and UAV swarms to answer the following questions: (i) Disciplines mentioned in the UAV swarms research. (ii) The future development trends and hotspots in the UAV swarms research. (iii) Tracking related outcomes in the UAV swarms research.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm, bibliometric, mapping knowledge domain

Yangyang JIANG, Yan GAO, Wenqi SONG, Yue LI, Quan QUAN. Bibliometric analysis of UAV swarms[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(2): 406-425.

Figures/Tables 26

Fig 1

Table 1

Fig 2

Table 2

Basic keywords"

Searching formula	Topic search
Formula 1	TS = “swarm UAV” OR “UAV swarm” OR “swarm drone” OR “drone swarm” OR “swarm robot” OR “robot swarm” OR “swarm vehicle” OR “vehicle swarm” OR “formation UAV” OR “UAV formation” OR “drone formation” OR “formation drone” OR “formation robot” OR “robot* formation” OR “formation vehicle” OR “vehicle formation” OR “team UAV” OR “UAV team” OR “drone team” OR “team robot” OR “robot team” OR “team vehicle” OR “vehicle team” OR “multi-UAV” OR “multi-drone” OR “multi-robot” OR “multi-vehicle” OR “multiple UAV” OR “multiple drone” OR “multiple robot” OR “multiple vehicle” OR “distributed UAV” OR “distributed drone” OR “distributed robot” OR “distributed vehicle” OR “collective UAV” OR “collective robot” OR “collective vehicle*”
Formula 2	TS = “swarm UAV” OR “UAV swarm” OR “swarm drone” OR “drone swarm” OR “swarm robot” OR “robot swarm” OR “formation UAV” OR “UAV formation” OR “drone formation” OR “formation drone” OR “formation robot” OR “robot formation” OR “team UAV” OR “UAV team” OR “drone team” OR “team robot” OR “robot* team” OR “multi-UAV” OR “multi-drone” OR “multi-robot” OR “multiple UAV” OR “multiple drone” OR “multiple robot” OR “distributed UAV” OR “distributed drone” OR “distributed robot”
Formula 3	TS = “Swarm UAV” OR “UAV swarm” OR “swarm drone” OR “drone swarm” OR “formation UAV” OR “UAV formation” OR “drone formation” OR “formation drone” OR “team UAV” OR “UAV team” OR “drone team” OR “multi-UAV” OR “multi-drone” OR “multiple UAV” OR “multiple drone” OR “distributed UAV” OR “distributed drone”

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Country/Organization	Project	Description
USA	2006：CICADA	Close-in covert autonomous disposable aircraft
	2012：Perdix	Collective decision making, adaptive formation flying, and self-healing
	2014：CODE	Collaborative operations in denied environment system
	2015：Gremlins	Develop and demonstrate the ability to air-launch and air-recover up to drones
	2015：LOCUST	Low-cost UAV swarming technology
	2015：SoSITE	System of systems integration technology and experimentation
	2015：LCAAT	Low-cost attritable aircraft technology
	2017：OFFSET	Offensive swarm-enabled tactics
European Union	2002：COMETS	Real-time coordination and control of multiple heterogeneous UAVs
	2011：ECSAFEMOBIL	The estimation and control project of the high mobility collaborative industrial system for secure wireless
	2019：SEAD Swarm	Suppression of enemy air defenses
Russia	2019：Launched “Flock-93” combat demonstration system	“Flock-93” will be flying wings and have vertical take-off and landing capability, promising both flexibility and target range of around 95 miles
	2019：Tsentr-2019	Orlan-10 unmanned aircraft, as well as other variants of that drone with sensor and electronic warfare payloads, to locate and try to destroy critical air defense systems, command posts, communications nodes
	2020： “Grom” UAV	Performing intelligence, surveillance, strike, and electronic warfare missions either on its own, as a loyal wing working together with a manned aircraft, or in a networked autonomous swarm
China	2016：67 fixed-wing UAV swarms test	It broke the previous record of 50 fixed-wing UAV clusters held by the US Navy
China	2017：119 fixed-wing UAV swarms test	Dense ejection take-off, air assembly, multi-target grouping, formation encirclement, swarm operation

Countries	Strength	Begin	End
USA	4.72	2010	2010
Portugal	8.74	2011	2016
Germany	5.98	2011	2013
Spain	4.14	2013	2013
Switzerland	2.97	2014	2014
Russia	2.58	2015	2015
Brazil	4.76	2016	2017
Saudi Arabia	3.02	2020	2021
Finland	2.69	2020	2021

Rank	Country/region	Document	Citation	Total link strength	Link
1	China	1017	10279	393	46
2	USA	780	14237	396	50
3	Spain	212	3150	121	30
4	England	188	2700	176	35
5	Italy	182	2640	164	34
6	South Korea	182	1712	66	15
7	Canada	150	2143	131	27
8	India	139	1497	70	28
9	Germany	133	2136	121	30
10	Japan	113	1083	64	20

Rank	Journal	Document	2020 impact factor	JCR partition
1	IEEE Access	192	3.367	Q2
2	IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters	157	3.741	Q2
3	Robotics and Autonomous Systems	148	3.12	Q2
4	Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems	136	2.646	Q2
5	IET Control Theory and Applications	125	3.527	Q1
6	Autonomous Robots	115	3.0	Q2
7	Sensors	113	3.576	Q1
8	International Journal of Robotics Research	108	4.703	Q1
9	International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems	97	1.652	Q4
10	IEEE Transactions on Robotics	76	5.567	Q1
11	Applied Sciences Basel	67	2.679	Q2
12	Robotica	63	2.088	Q3
13	Swarm Intelligence	52	2.143	Q3
14	International Journal of Robotics Automation	40	0.796	Q4
15	Advanced Robotics	34	1.699	Q4
16	IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology	34	5.978	Q1
17	Neurocomputing	32	5.719	Q1
18	Applied Soft Computing	29	6.725	Q1
19	International Journal of Control Automation and Systems	26	3.314	Q2
20	Intelligent Service Robotics	25	2.246	Q3

Rank	Conference	Document
1	IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation	547
2	IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems	319
3	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	317
4	Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence	274
5	Proceedings of SPIE	147
6	IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics	137
7	Proceedings of the American Control Conference	126
8	Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics	115
9	Chinese Control Conference	112
10	IEEE Conference on Decision and Control	109

Bibliometric analysis of UAV swarms

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Rank	Organization	Document	Citation	Total link strength	Link
1	NUDT	79	266	69	46
2	Beihang University	75	936	84	65
3	MIT	70	1477	109	79
4	Northwestern Polytechnical University	63	444	69	42
5	Beijing Institute of Technology	46	468	54	42
6	Tsinghua University	45	973	91	59
7	Université Libre de Bruxelles	43	1535	62	46
8	Carnegie Mellon University	41	1255	54	43
9	Chinese Academy of Sciences	41	235	96	60
10	Nanyang Technological University	39	393	45	34

Rank	Subject	Document
1	Computer science	1420
2	Engineering	1330
3	Robotics	1164
4	Automation control systems	697
5	Telecommunications	440
6	Instruments instrumentation	310
7	Chemistry	194
8	Mathematics	157
9	Physics	146
10	Materials science	98
11	Operations research management science	94
12	Science technology (other topics)	90
13	Transportation	51
14	Mechanics	37
15	Psychology	27
16	Neurosciences neurology	21
17	Construction building technology	13
18	Environmental sciences ecology	12
19	Oceanography	12
20	Social sciences (other topics)	12

Behavior	Total		China		USA
Behavior	Document	Proportion/%	Document	Proportion/%	Document	Proportion/%
Formation	593	27.45	248	30.88	96	21.57
Consensus	387	17.92	215	26.77	70	15.73
Coverage	303	14.03	92	11.46	85	19.10
Exploration	272	12.59	40	4.98	62	13.93
Synchronization	141	6.53	70	8.72	27	6.07
Searching	95	4.40	47	5.85	14	3.15
Transport	87	4.03	17	2.12	23	5.17
Aggregation	70	3.24	16	1.99	6	1.35
Self-organization	70	3.24	12	1.49	16	3.60
Rendezvous	40	1.85	13	1.62	10	2.25
Pattern formation	28	1.30	8	1.00	8	1.80
Self-assembly	28	1.30	15	1.87	10	2.25
Patrol	25	1.16	6	0.75	11	2.47
Morphogenesis	16	0.74	2	0.25	7	1.57
Forage	4	0.19	2	0.25	0	0.00
Chain formation	1	0.05	0	0.00	0	0.00
Connected movement	0	0.00	0	0.00	0	0.00
Self-organized construction	0	0.00	0	0.00	0	0.00
Total	2160	100.00	803	100.00	445	100.00

Function	Document	Proportion/%	China		USA
Function	Document	Proportion/%	Document	Proportion/%	Document	Proportion/%
Control	1437	28.01	494	32.33	331	26.95
Communication	914	17.81	307	20.09	212	17.26
Planning	651	12.69	151	9.88	195	15.88
Tracking	499	9.73	224	14.66	81	6.60
Localization	384	7.48	94	6.15	94	7.65
Navigation	339	6.61	47	3.08	75	6.11
Task allocation	244	4.76	68	4.45	66	5.37
Mapping	206	4.01	34	2.23	64	5.21
Surveillance	158	3.08	32	2.09	43	3.50
Monitoring	155	3.02	29	1.90	36	2.93
Security	87	1.70	35	2.29	15	1.22
Fault detection	23	0.45	6	0.39	3	0.24
Target detection	16	0.31	4	0.26	8	0.65
Diagnosis	15	0.29	2	0.13	4	0.33
Risk assessment	3	0.06	1	0.07	1	0.08
Total	5131	100.00	1528	100.00	1228	100.00

Keyword	Strength	Begin	End
Self-organization	7.61	2010	2014
Self-assembly	5.43	2010	2012
Mobile and distributed robotics slam	5.03	2010	2015
Multi-robot	4.83	2010	2012
Cooperative robot	3.81	2010	2012
Field and service robotics	3.46	2010	2012
Robotics	3.37	2010	2016
Motion planning	7.23	2011	2016
Multiple robot	5.32	2011	2014
Modular robot	3.97	2011	2014
Mapping	3.67	2011	2012
Mobile robotics	3.47	2011	2014
Distributed robotics	3.45	2011	2012
Networked robot	6.06	2012	2015
Multi-robot cooperation	4.88	2012	2015
Task allocation	4.35	2012	2013
SLAM	4.03	2012	2013
Simulation	3.95	2012	2013
Communication	3.83	2013	2016
Multi-agent	3.75	2013	2015
Swarm robotics	6.34	2014	2016
Aerial robotics	3.45	2014	2018
Formation control	5.15	2015	2016
Quadrotor	4.06	2015	2017
Multiagent system	4.63	2017	2018
UAV swarm	4.18	2018	2021
UAV	7.46	2019	2021
Routing	4.1	2019	2021
Topology	3.85	2019	2021
Sensor	3.59	2019	2021

Cluster ID	Size	Silhouette	Average/year	Cluster ID	Size	Silhouette	Average/year
#0(C0)	112	0.829	2014	#7(C7)	47	0.92	2011
#1(C1)	110	0.926	2017	#8(C8)	33	0.992	2016
#2(C2)	106	0.909	2009	#9(C9)	30	0.986	2016
#3(C3)	74	0.914	2013	#10(C10)	26	0.97	2010
#4(C4)	60	0.979	2006	#11(C11)	20	0.972	2014
#5(C5)	60	0.882	2008	#12(C12)	17	0.982	2008
#6(C6)	50	0.953	2016	#13(C13)	11	1	2017