Fine Doppler shift acquisition algorithm for BeiDou software receiver by a look-up table

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2020.000037

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 612-625.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2020.000037

• Control Theory and Application • Previous Articles Next Articles

Fine Doppler shift acquisition algorithm for BeiDou software receiver by a look-up table

Wenqi QIU^1,^2,³(), Qingxi ZENG^1,^2,^3,*(), Chang GAO³(), Chade LYU³()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
² Non-destructive Detection and Monitoring Technology for High-speed Transportation Facilities Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 211106, China
³ College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

Received:2019-08-19 Online:2020-06-30 Published:2020-06-30
Contact: Qingxi ZENG E-mail:qwqnrc@nuaa.edu.cn;jslyzqx@nuaa.edu.cn;zmknfqa@163.com;lvchade2008@163.com
About author:QIU Wenqi was born in 1993. He received his B.S. degree from Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, in 2016, and M.S. degree from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, in 2019. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Navigation Research Center, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. His research interests include digital signal processing, GNSS software receiver systems, and guidance navigation and control. E-mail: qwqnrc@nuaa.edu.cn|ZENG Qingxi was born in 1980. He received his B.S. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, in 2002 M.S. degree from Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, in 2006, and Ph.D. degree from Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2009. In 2018, he was a visiting scholar in the Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University, USA. He is currently an associate professor with the School of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. In 2017, he was the leader of two research projects. Both projects were completed. His research interests include positioning and navigation of unmanned ground vehicles, multi-sensor fusion systems, and GNSS software receiver. E-mail: jslyzqx@nuaa.edu.cn|GAO Chang was born in 1996. She received her B.S. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, in 2017. She is currently working toward her M.S. degree at Electronic Technology Center, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. Her research interests include BeiDou software receiver systems, integrated navigation and positioning systems, and visual inertial odometry systems. E-mail: zmknfqa@163.com|LYU Chade was born in 1996. He received his B.S. degree from Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, in 2018. He is currently working toward his M.S. degree at Electronic Technology Center, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. His research interests include BeiDou software receiver systems, template matching and location technique, and unmanned vehicle indoor and outdoor positioning. E-mail: lvchade2008@163.com
Supported by:
the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University(20161108);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51505221);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NS2019022);This work was supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University (20161108), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51505221), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NS2019022)

Abstract

Abstract:

The BeiDou software receiver uses the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to perform the acquisition. The Doppler shift estimation accuracy should be less than 500 Hz to ensure satellite signals to enter a locked state in the tracking loop. Since the frequency step is usually 500 Hz or larger, the Doppler shift estimation accuracy cannot guarantee that satellite signals are brought into a stable tracking state. The straightforward solutions consist in increasing the sampling time and using zero-padding to improve the frequency resolution of the FFT. However, these solutions intensify the complexity and amount of computation. The contradiction between the acquisition accuracy and the computational load leads us to research for a more simple and effective algorithm, which achieves fine acquisition by a look-up table. After coarse acquisition using the parallel frequency acquisition (PFA) algorithm, the proposed algorithm optimizes the Doppler shift estimation through the look-up table method based on the FFT results to improve the acquisition accuracy of the Doppler shift with a minimal additional computing load. When the Doppler shift is within the queryable range of the table, the proposed algorithm can improve the Doppler shift estimation accuracy to 50 Hz for the BeiDou B1I signal.

Key words: fine acquisition, fast Fourier transform (FFT), table look-up, parallel frequency acquisition (PFA), BeiDou

Wenqi QIU, Qingxi ZENG, Chang GAO, Chade LYU. Fine Doppler shift acquisition algorithm for BeiDou software receiver by a look-up table[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 31(3): 612-625.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

Fig 7

Fig 8

Table 1

Fig 9

Fig 10

Fig 11

Fig 12

Fig 13

Table 2

Fig 14

Fig 15

Fig 16

Fig 17

Fig 18

Table 3

References 23

1	China Satellite Navigation Office. BeiDou navigation satellite system signal in space interface control document open service signal B1I (version 3.0). Beijing: China Standard Press, 2019.
2	RINDER P. Design a single frequency GPS software receiver. Alborg, Denmark: Alborg University, 2004.
3	LECLÈRE J, BOTTERON C, FARINE P A. Acquisition of modern GNSS signals using a modified parallel code-phase search architecture. Signal Processing, 2014, 95 (2): 177- 191.
4	HECKLER G W, GARRISON J L. SIMD correlator library for GNSS software receivers. GPS Solutions, 2006, 10 (7): 269- 276.
5	ABOUD A H, RAMADAN R, ALSHARABATI T. Software defined radio implementing GPS parallel frequency space search acquisition algorithm in real time environment. Proc. of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Research, 2015, 17- 19.
6	ZHENG Y. A software-based frequency domain parallel acquisition algorithm for GPS signal. Proc. of the International Conference on Anti-Counterfeiting Security and Identification in Communication, 2010, 18- 20.
7	MATHIS H, FLAMMANT P, THIEL A. An analytic way to optimize the detector of a post-correlation FFT acquisition algorithm. Proc. of the 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, 2003, 9- 12.
8	LECLÈRE J, BOTTERON C, FARINE P A. Improving the performance of the FFT-based parallel code-phase search acquisition of GNSS signals by decomposition of the circular correlation. Proc. of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, 2012, 17- 21.
9	LECLÈRE J, BOTTERON C, FARINE P A. Modified parallel code-phase search for acquisition in presence of sign transition. Proc. of the International Conference on Localization and GNSS, 2013, 25- 27.
10	FORTIN M A, BOURDEAU F, LANDRY R J. Implementation strategies for a software-compensated FFT-based generic acquisition architecture with minimal FPGA resources. Navigation, 2015, 62 (3): 171- 188. doi: 10.1002/navi.110
11	ÇAǦATAY C. A method for fine resolution frequency estimation from three DFT samples. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2011, 18 (6): 351- 354. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2011.2136378
12	ÇAǦATAY C. Analysis and further improvement of fine resolution frequency estimation method from three DFT samples. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2013, 20 (9): 913- 916. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2013.2273616
13	KEDONG W. A new algorithm for fine acquisition of GPS carrier frequency. GPS Solutions, 2014, 18 (4): 581- 592. doi: 10.1007/s10291-013-0356-2
14	TAMAZIN M, NOURELDIN A, KORENBERG M J, et al. Robust fine acquisition algorithm for GPS receiver with limi-ted resources. GPS Solutions, 2016, 20 (1): 77- 88. doi: 10.1007/s10291-015-0463-3
15	GAO X, XI L, YAO R, et al. A high precision acquisition algorithm of GPS based on parallel frequency search. Proc. of the Wireless and Optical Communication Conference, 2016, 21- 23.
16	WANG E S, HU Z M, LI Y F, et al. Fine frequency acquisition algorithm of Beidou-Ⅱ B1 signal carrier. Journal of Shenyang Aerospace University, 2017, 34 (1): 65- 69.
17	ZHU W, ZHOU B B. Research on refining algorithm of GNSS IF signal acquisition. Aerospace Control, 2017, 35 (2): 15- 19.
18	KIM K, POLYDOROS A. Digital modulation classification: the BPSK versus QPSK case. Proc. of the 21st Century Military Communications Conference, 1988, 431- 436.
19	GARDNER F M. A BPSK/QPSK timing-error detector for sampled receivers. IEEE Trans. on Communications, 1986, 34 (5): 423- 429. doi: 10.1109/TCOM.1986.1096561
20	NOE R. PLL-free synchronous QPSK polarization multiplex/diversity receiver concept with digital I&Q baseband processing. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17 (4): 887- 889. doi: 10.1109/LPT.2004.842795
21	LECLERE J, BOTTERON C, FARINE P A. Comparison framework of FPGA-based GNSS signals acquisition architectures. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2013, 49 (3): 1497- 1418. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2013.6558001
22	KOVAR P, JELEN S. Cold start strategy of the CubeSat GPS receiver. Advances in Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2014, 14 (2): 29- 34.
23	ALBUQUERQUE G L A, VALDERRAMA C, SILVA F C, et al. Time-effective GPS time domain signal acquisition algorithm. Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Locali-zation and GNSS, 2016, 1- 6.

Distance from main peak/Hz	Mean	Standard deviation	Confidene interval
200	4.007 0	0.294 2	[3.712 8, 4.301 2]
250	3.012 9	0.175 9	[2.840 0, 3.191 8]
300	2.332 6	0.108 8	[2.223 8, 2.441 4]
350	1.861 8	0.079 2	[1.782 6, 1.941 0]
400	1.500 3	0.059 9	[1.440 4, 1.560 2]
450	1.222 3	0.044 4	[1.177 9, 1.266 7]
500	1.015 4	0.022 6	[0.992 8, 1.038 0]

Serial number	Parameter	Value
1	Working voltage/V	5$\pm $0.5
2	Amplification factor/dB	$ \ge 36$
3	Noise factor/dB	$ \le 1.5$
4	Operating frequency/MHz	GPSL1: 1 575.420$\pm $2.5 BD2B1: 1 561.098$\pm $2.5
5	Sampling time/ms	2
6	Sampling frequency/MHz	10
7	Intermediate frequency/MHz	2.5
8	The sampling points	10 000

PRN	SNR/dB	Code-phase	$f_{d\rm SSA}$/Hz	$f_{d\rm table}$/Hz	Error/Hz	In querya-ble zone
1	-23.94	1 900	418	450	32	Yes
2	-24.67	1 637	4	0	4	No
3	-20.65	909	8	0	8	No
7	-26.56	125	-1 704	-2 000	296	No
10	-23.7	230	-1 511	-1 500	11	Yes
13	-24.4	926	1 387	1 000	387	No
14	-28.8	122	-852	-1 000	148	No

Fine Doppler shift acquisition algorithm for BeiDou software receiver by a look-up table

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

Share this article

Figures/Tables 21

References 23

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments