Experimental analysis of sea clutter using airborne circular scanning SAR in medium grazing angle

doi:10.21629/JSEE.2019.01.07

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 68-77.doi: 10.21629/JSEE.2019.01.07

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Experimental analysis of sea clutter using airborne circular scanning SAR in medium grazing angle

Xueli PAN^1,*(), Guisheng LIAO¹(), Zhiwei YANG¹(), Hongxing DANG²()

¹ National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
² Academy of Space Electronic Information Technology, Xi'an 710100, China

Received:2017-06-19 Online:2019-02-27 Published:2019-02-27
Contact: Xueli PAN E-mail:panxuelili@163.com;liaogs@xidian.edu.cn;yangzw@xidian.edu.cn;danghongxx@163.com
About author:PAN Xueli was born in 1990. She received her B.S. degree from Henan University of Technology, Henan, China, in 2013. She is currently working towards her Ph.D. degree in the National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing in Xidian University. Her research interests include sea clutter model and target detection in sea surface. E-mail:panxuelili@163.com|LIAO Guisheng was born in 1963. He received his B.S. degree from Guangxi University in 1985, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Xidian University, in 1990, and 1992, respectively. He is currently a professor with Xidian University, where he is also dean of School of Electronic Engineering. He has been a senior visiting scholar in the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. His research interests include synthetic aperture radar (SAR), space-time adaptive processing, SAR ground moving target indication, and distributed small satellite SAR system design. He is a member of the National Outstanding Person and the Cheung Kong Scholars in China. E-mail:liaogs@xidian.edu.cn|YANG Zhiwei was born in 1980. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Xidian University, Xi'an, China, in 2005 and 2008 respectively. He is currently an associate professor with the National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University. His current work includes adaptive array signal processing, space-timepolarmetric adaptive processing and he designed the ground moving target indication algorithms for the space-borne SAR/GMTI systems in China. E-mail:yangzw@xidian.edu.cn|DANG Hongxing was born in 1974. She received her M.S. degree in mechatronic engineering from the Graduate School of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China. Since 2003, she has been with the Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing System Department, Academy of Space Electronic Information Technology, where she is currently a senior engineer. Her research interests include spaceborne SAR/ISAR system design, landing radar system design, and radar signal processing. E-mail:danghongxx@163.com
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61621005);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61671352);he Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Ministry of Education (Guilin University of Electronic Technology)(CRKL160206);the Innovational Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Space Technology(SAST2016027);the Innovational Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Space Technology(SAST2016033);This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61621005; 61671352), the Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Ministry of Education (Guilin University of Electronic Technology) (CRKL160206), and the Innovational Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Space Technology (SAST2016027; SAST2016033)

Abstract

Abstract:

The theoretical statistical model of sea clutter is a key issue for maritime surveillance. In recent years, the statistical model of sea clutter has attracted much attention to design the detector well. Meanwhile, the circular scanning synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been applied to wide surveillance of the sea surface. Therefore, the paper analyzes the validity of available sea clutter models for range Doppler images from different scan angles for moderate sea state in the medium grazing angle. The parameter estimation method for different distribution models employs the method of logarithmic cumulant (MoLC) based on Mellin transform uniformly. By the analysis of the fitting performance between the histogram of real data and the amplitude probability density function (PDF) of empirical distribution models and the goodness-of-fit (GoF) test for real data from different scan angles, it is indicated the generalized K (GK) distribution with generalized Gamma texture distribution can fit the sea clutter well for different scan angles in the medium grazing angle.

Key words: range Doppler image, method of logarithmic cumulant (MoLC), Mellin transform, generalized Gamma distribution

Xueli PAN, Guisheng LIAO, Zhiwei YANG, Hongxing DANG. Experimental analysis of sea clutter using airborne circular scanning SAR in medium grazing angle[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 30(1): 68-77.

Figures/Tables 10

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Table 1

Classical sea clutter models and method of logarithmic cumulants (MoLCs)"

Distribution model	probability density function (PDF)	MoLC
Rayleigh distribution	$p(x) = { }\frac{2x}{\lambda }\exp \left({-\frac{x^2}{\lambda }} \right)$	$\lambda = \exp (2c_1 -{\it\Psi} (1))$
Weibull distribution	$p(x) = { }\frac{b}{a}\left({\frac{x}{a}}\right)^{b-1}\exp \left({-\left({\frac{x}{a}} \right)^b} \right)$	$c_1 = { }-\frac{1}{2}\ln \left({\frac{{\rm{\pi }} }{4}} \right)+\ln a+\frac{1}{2}\psi (1)+\frac{1}{b}\psi (1)$$c_2 = { }\frac{1}{4}\psi (1, 1)+\frac{1}{b^2}\psi (1, 1)$
Log-normal distribution	$p(y) = { }\frac{1}{\sqrt {2{\rm{\pi }} }\sigma _m x}\exp \left({-\frac{1}{2\sigma _m ^2}(\ln x-u_m)^2} \right)$	$c_1 = \mu _m $$c_2 = \sigma _m^2 $
K distribution	$f(x) = { }\frac{2c}{{\it\Gamma} (v)}\left({\frac{cx}{2}} \right)^vK_{v-1} (cx)$	$c_1 = { }\frac{1}{2}\psi (1, 1)+\frac{1}{2}\psi (1, v)+\frac{1}{2}\lg \frac{2}{c}$$c_2 = { }\frac{1}{4}\psi (2, 1)+\frac{1}{4}\psi (2, v)$
Pareto distribution	$p(x) = { }{\intop\nolimits}_0^\infty {\frac{{\rm{\pi }} x}{2y^2}\exp\left({-\frac{{\rm{\pi }} x^2}{4y^2}} \right)} p(y){{{\rm{d}}}} y$$p(y) = { }\frac{b^v}{{\it\Gamma} (v)}\left({\frac{4y^2}{{\rm{\pi }} }}\right)^{-v-1}\exp \left({-\frac{{\rm{\pi }} b}{4y^2}} \right)$	$c_1 = { }\frac{1}{2}\psi (1, 1)-\frac{1}{2}\psi (1, v)+\frac{1}{2}\lg b$$c_2 = { }\frac{1}{4}\psi (2, 1)-\frac{1}{4}\psi (2, v)$
GK distribution	$p(x) = { }{\intop\nolimits}_0^\infty {\frac{{\rm{\pi }} x}{2y^2}\exp \left({-\frac{{\rm{\pi }} x^2}{4y^2}} \right)} p(y){{{\rm{d}}}} y$$p(y) = { }\frac{v}{\sigma {\it\Gamma} (\mu)}\left({\frac{y}{\sigma }} \right)^{\mu v-1}\exp \left({-\left({\frac{y}{\sigma }} \right)^v} \right)$	$c_1 = 1/2{\it\Psi} (1)+1/v{\it\Psi} (\mu)+1/2\lg \left({\dfrac{4\sigma ^2}{{\rm{\pi }} }} \right)$$c_2 = {\it\Psi} (1, 1)/2^2+{\it\Psi} (1, \mu)/v^2$$c_3 = {\it\Psi} (2, 1)/2^3+{\it\Psi} (2, \mu)/v^3$

Table 1

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Parameter	Value
Rader frequency/GHz	13
Range resolution/m	20
Platform speed/(m/s)	100
Platform height/m	3 000
Circular scanning velocity/(($^\circ$)/s)	30
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)/Hz	3 000
Grazing angle of beam center/($^\circ$)	35/45
Polarization	HH/VV

Experimental analysis of sea clutter using airborne circular scanning SAR in medium grazing angle

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