Evaluation of global navigation satellite system spoofing efficacy

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2022.000145

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1238-1257.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2022.000145

• • 上一篇

收稿日期:2021-06-27 出版日期:2022-12-18 发布日期:2022-12-24

Evaluation of global navigation satellite system spoofing efficacy

Yue WANG(), Fuping SUN(), Jinming HAO(), Lundong ZHANG(), Xian WANG()

¹ PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Henan 450001, China

Received:2021-06-27 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2022-12-24
Contact: Fuping SUN E-mail:2895771372@qq.com;sun.fp@163.com;haojm@139.com;zhangldxd@163.com;18595823270@163.com
About author:
WANG Yue was born in 1994. She received her M.S. degree in surveying and mapping from PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China, in 2020. Her master’s thesis won the excellent paper awards of the national and army level. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree in navigation positioning and location services at PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University. Her research interests include the technical and decision-making evaluation of the satellite navigation confrontation.E-mail: 2895771372@qq.com

SUN Fuping was born in 1963. He received his Ph.D. degree from Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China, in 1994, and did postdoctoral research in Geodesy at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, in 1995. Since then, he has been working at PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University as a professor. His current research interests include the positioning technology of inertial navigation and integrated navigation.E-mail: sun.fp@163.com

HAO Jinming was born in 1962. He received his Ph.D. degree from PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University in 1994. From now on, he has worked at PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University as a professor. His current research interests mainly include Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning, GNSS precise orbit determination, and spoofing technique of navigation.E-mail: haojm@139.com

ZHANG Lundong was born in 1982. He received his Ph.D. degree from National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 2013. He is currently working at PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University. His current research interests include anti-spoofing technology based on inertial navigation and integrated navigation systems.E-mail: zhangldxd@163.com

WANG Xian was born in 1995. He received his B.S. degree in electronic information engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China, in 2017, and M.S. degree in information and communication engineering from PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University in 2020, where he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. degree in information and communication engineering. His current research interests include electromagnetic metamaterials and microwave filtering devices.E-mail: 18595823270@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41804035;41374027).

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

The spoofing capability of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) represents an important confrontational capability for navigation security, and the success of planned missions may depend on the effective evaluation of spoofing capability. However, current evaluation systems face challenges arising from the irrationality of previous weighting methods, inapplicability of the conventional multi-attribute decision-making method and uncertainty existing in evaluation. To solve these difficulties, considering the validity of the obtained results, an evaluation method based on the game aggregated weight model and a joint approach involving the grey relational analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS) are firstly proposed to determine the optimal scheme. Static and dynamic evaluation results under different schemes are then obtained via a fuzzy comprehensive assessment and an improved dynamic game method, to prioritize the deceptive efficacy of the equipment accurately and make pointed improvement for its core performance. The use of judging indicators, including Spearman rank correlation coefficient and so on, combined with obtained evaluation results, demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method and the optimal scheme by the horizontal comparison of different methods and vertical comparison of evaluation results. Finally, the results of field measurements and simulation tests show that the proposed method can better overcome the difficulties of existing methods and realize the effective evaluation.

Key words: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing, index system for spoofing strategy, game aggregated weight model, grey relational analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS) method, dynamic game method

. [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(6): 1238-1257.

Yue WANG, Fuping SUN, Jinming HAO, Lundong ZHANG, Xian WANG. Evaluation of global navigation satellite system spoofing efficacy[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(6): 1238-1257.

图/表 13

参考文献 30

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Mode	Df₄	Df₃	Df₂	Df₁
At₁	[2,3]	[1,2]	[1,1]	[1/2,1]
At₂	[3,4]	[2,3]	[1,2]	[1,1]
At₃	[1,1]	[1/2,1]	[1/3,1/2]	[1/4,1/3]
At₄	[2,3]	[1,2]	[1,1]	[1/2,1]
At₅	[3,4]	[2,3]	[1,2]	[1,1]

Index	Index property	Original O^L	Indicator O^U	Testing value corresponding to Schemes 1−3				Membership parameter
Index	Index property	Original O^L	Indicator O^U	O (Scheme 1)	O (Scheme 2)	O (Scheme 3)		o1	o2	o3	o4	o5
Id₁/s	Negative-smaller is better	0.10	10.00	6.90	2.10	4.86		0.00	2.80	5.60	8.40	11.20
Id₂/km	Positive-larger is better	100.00	800.00	356.45	334.78	368.91		50.00	250.00	450.00	650.00	850.00
Id₃/(m·s⁻¹)	Negative	0.000 1	0.005 0	0.002 5	0.002 0	0.003 0		0.000 1	0.000 2	0.000 6	0.002 1	0.007 5
Id₄/m	Negative	0.01	30.00	12.00	23.00	6.00		0.01	0.05	0.50	5.00	50.00
Id₅/m	Negative	0.01	0.20	0.03	0.16	0.04		0.01	0.01	0.03	0.09	0.23
Id₆/(ns·h⁻¹)	Negative	1	200	195	193	198		0	50	100	150	200
Id₇/chip	Negative	0.10	1.00	0.50	0.50	0.50		0.05	0.12	0.26	0.61	1.40
Id₈/dB	Moderate	10	22	17	17	17		1	7	13	19	25
Id₉	Negative	1	10	7	3	4		0	2	4	8	16
Id₁₀/dB	Moderate	4	25	5	5	5		1	8	15	22	29
Id₁₁/%	Positive	0.05	100.00	81.67	84.33	83.00		0.01	0.10	1.00	10.00	100.00
Id₁₂/dB	Moderate	0.01	31.00	24.41	24.69	24.80		0.01	0.05	0.50	5.00	50.00
Id₁₃/s	Negative	12.00	70.00	61.05	58.52	55.86		10.00	25.00	40.00	55.00	70.00
Id₁₄/s	Negative	7	3 069	241	263	255		5	25	125	625	3 125
Id₁₅	Positive	1	9	6	6		6	0	2	4	8	16
Id₁₆	Positive	1	9	6	7	5		0	2	4	8	16

Evaluation of global navigation satellite system spoofing efficacy

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