GNSS spoofing detection for single antenna receivers via CNR variation monitoring

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2024.000049

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1276-1286.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2024.000049

收稿日期:2023-12-14 出版日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2024-11-06

GNSS spoofing detection for single antenna receivers via CNR variation monitoring

Maoyou LIAO(), Xu LYU(), Ziyang MENG(), Zheng YOU()

Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2023-12-14 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-11-06
Contact: Zheng YOU E-mail:liaomy17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn;lvclay@163.com;ziyangmeng@tsinghua.edu.cn;yz-dpi@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
About author:
LIAO Maoyou was born in 1993. He received his B.S. degree in instruments science and technology from the Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2015. He is currently a doctoral student in the Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His research interests include satellite navigation, inertial navigation systems, and integrated navigation. E-mail: liaomy17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

LYU Xu was born in 1990. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in control theory and control engineering from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China in 2014 and 2019, respectively, and Ph.D. degree in navigation, guidance and control from the Department of Navigation Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China, in 2022. He is currently a postdoctoral fellow with the Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His research interests include inertial navigation systems, integrated navigation, and predictive control. E-mail: lvclay@163.com

MENG Ziyang was born in 1984. He received his B.S. degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China in 2006, and Ph.D. degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2010. He was an exchange Ph.D. student with Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA, from 2008 to 2009. He is currently an associate professor with the Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University. Prior to joining Tsinghua University, he was a post doctoral researcher, a researcher, and a Humboldt research fellow with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, and the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, respectively, from 2010 to 2015. His research interests include distributed control and optimization and intelligent navigation technique. E-mail: ziyangmeng@tsinghua.edu.cn

YOU Zheng was born in 1963. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1985, 1987, and 1990, respectively. After graduation, he joined the Faculty of the Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, as an assistant professor. He became an associate professor, in 1992, and a full professor, in 1994. In 2015, he was the vice president of Tsinghua University. His research interests include micro-nano technology and micro-nano satellite technology. E-mail: yz-dpi@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62273195).

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

In this paper, a method for spoofing detection based on the variation of the signal’s carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) is proposed. This method leverages the directionality of the antenna to induce varying gain changes in the signals across different incident directions, resulting in distinct CNR variations for each signal. A model is developed to calculate the variation value of the signal CNR based on the antenna gain pattern. This model enables the differentiation of the variation values of the CNR for authentic satellite signals and spoofing signals, thereby facilitating spoofing detection. The proposed method is capable of detecting spoofing signals with power and CNR similar to those of authentic satellite signals. The accuracy of the signal CNR variation value calculation model and the effectiveness of the spoofing detection method are verified through a series of experiments. In addition, the proposed spoofing detection method works not only for a single spoofing source but also for distributed spoofing sources.

Key words: spoofing detection, global navigation satellite system (GNSS), variation of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), antenna directionality

. [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35(5): 1276-1286.

Maoyou LIAO, Xu LYU, Ziyang MENG, Zheng YOU. GNSS spoofing detection for single antenna receivers via CNR variation monitoring[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35(5): 1276-1286.

图/表 12

参考文献 30

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Rotation angle/(°)	CNR/dBHz	Elevation w.r.t antenna/(°)	Azimuth w.r.t antenna/(°)
0	45	57.0	256.0
10	42	47.2	259.6
20	40	37.3	261.1
30	37	27.4	262.1
40	31	17.5	262.6
50	36	7.5	263.4
60	36	−2.4	263.5
70	36	−12.4	263.9
80	37	−22.4	263.5
90	37	−32.3	262.9

Rotation angle/ (°)	△CNR (measured)/ dBHz	△CNR (only-GPS)/ dBHz	△CNR (unspoofed)/ dBHz	△CNR (spoofed)/ dBHz
0−30	−8	−4.99	−8.91	4.82
50−80	1	−6.28	−8.94	1.21

GNSS spoofing detection for single antenna receivers via CNR variation monitoring

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